southernocean.ai

#Southern Ocean AI Meta

#Southern ocean | Encircles Antarctica | Waters south of 60° S latitude | Covers ca. 21.96 million square kilometers | The fourth largest ocean basin | Antarctic Circumpolar Current (AAC) flows through it | ACC significantly influences global ocean circulation by connecting Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans | Average depth of approximately 3,270 meters (10,728 feet) | Maximum depth of 7,434 meters (24,390 feet) at Factorian Deep

#Supergyre

#Super ocean current

#Ocean circulation

#Connecting main ocean basins of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean

#Antarctic Circumpolar Current

#Marine biodiversity

#Isolating Antarctic fauna

#Weddell gyre

#Ross gyre

#Gyre distributes heat between equator and poles

#Gyre playspart in upwelling of deep, cold ocean waters to surface

#Southern Ocean is shaped like ring and not bounded by land

#Weddell and Ross gyres are part of aomplex global ocean circulation

#Machine learning algorithm

#Seamount

#Identifying icebergs

#Iceberg calving

#Tracking icebergs throughout their lifecycle until their demise

#Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

#Microwave signal transmitted from space

#Intensity of reflected radiation measured

#Crystalline structure of ice and snow on iceberg surface show up as strong, bright signals in satellite images

#Images collected day or night and through cloud cover

#AI algorithms performed on different satellite images taken over12-month period

#Amundsen Sea Embayment

#Thwaites Glacier

#West Antarctic Ice Sheet

#Calving of icebergs from ice sheet into Southern Ocean

#Increasing levels of calving signal increasing contribution to sea level rise

#AI approach to identify changes in numbers, size and pathways of icebergs as consequences of climate change

#Digital Twins

#Automated underwater vehicles

#Polar science

#Artificial intelligence (AI) combined with physical oceanography

#More acidic water from deep sea rising to surface

#Sea snails susceptible to aciditation

#Shells are made of aragonite

#Ross Sea

#Digital Twin of Southern Ocean

#Cryosphere

#Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) | One nautical mile in radius | Hub of biodiversity | Made up of organisms especially vulnerable to bottom-fishing gear | Refuge for life forms stressed by rapidly warming ocean

#Fast ice | Stationary sea ice remaining attached to coastline or among grounded icebergs | Covering extensive areas of Southern Ocean

#Algae growing in fast ice

#Very large currents found in Southern Ocean can tilt ocean layers allowing warm surface waters to more easily slip down deep

#Agentic AI | Artificial intelligence systems with a degree of autonomy, enabling them to make decisions, take actions, and learn from experiences to achieve specific goals, often with minimal human intervention | Agentic AI systems are designed to operate independently, unlike traditional AI models that rely on predefined instructions or prompts | Reinforcement learning (RL) | Deep neural network (DNN) | Multi-agent system (MAS) | Goal-setting algorithm | Adaptive learning algorithm | Agentic agents focus on autonomy and real-time decision-making in complex scenarios | Ability to determine intent and outcome of processes | Planning and adapting to changes | Ability to self-refine and update instructions without outside intervention | Full autonomy requires creativity and ability to anticipate changing needs before they occur proactively | Agentic AI benefits Industry 4.0 facilities monitoring machinery in real time, predicting failures, scheduling maintenance, reducing downtime, and optimizing asset availability, enabling continuous process optimization, minimizing waste, and enhancing operational efficiency